An underground market for unlicensed slimming drugs is propelled by TikTok fitness influencers and sellers on communication apps, according to new investigations.
Retatrutide, which is still in clinical trials, is being advertised by social media influencers for its supposed weight-reducing properties. Viewers are urged to contact these profiles privately for supplier links, while also receiving promotional offers.
Additionally, a flourishing trade exists on messaging services, where communities with thousands of members share comparison images, injection guides and claims of rapid British shipping. Sellers market the substance there before directing customers to WhatsApp for transactions.
This medication is an experimental injection developed by US drugmaker Eli Lilly. The drug targets three intestinal hormones – glucagon-like peptide-1, GIP and pancreatic hormone. Preliminary studies indicate it could assist individuals reduce up to 25% of their total weight. Nicknamed the “triple G”, the drug is being hailed digitally as the next Ozempic.
However, doctors and chemists have cautions that the sale of what remains an unapproved drug in the United Kingdom is a cause for concern and could result in individuals administering substances of unknown origin.
Several experts said the demand for the experimental drug could be connected to the rising price of approved slimming products such as Mounjaro.
Selling the unapproved drug on TikTok or Telegram is prohibited in the United Kingdom, as it is an unapproved medication that must not be marketed or supplied for personal consumption under the British medical regulations.
Some content creators try to circumvent the rules by referring to the substance as a “research chemical” or citing it as “not for human consumption”. Retatrutide is not a controlled drug, but advertising and supply can still violate pharmaceutical, advertising, and customer laws, risking penalties, prosecution or prison.
Based on TikTok, the service has taken down violative content and banned associated hashtags and query recommendations. The organization said it was committed to maintaining the service secure and allocating resources in strengthening enforcement strategies.
Research also found communities with up to 9,000 participants marketing the experimental drug using the platform's built-in discovery tool, which functions like a online catalog. Entering “retatrutide” immediately brings up groups with numerous of members, filled with photos of weight loss, positive testimonials and step-by-step instructions for mixing or injecting at residence.
After moments of joining one group, a seller shared WhatsApp details, where the majority of purchases take place. The seller sent an instruction manual and promised shipping within 48 hours. When asked whether the product was authentic, one vendor said: “You can’t be sure.” Another shared a image of a alleged testing documentation. None inquired about body mass, medical conditions or past usage.
Within these groups, messages show black plastic packages with postal service stickers, stating to include fresh supplies. One communication read: “It took eight of us to load them this morning.”
Buyers can choose between powder vials, mixed at residence with sterile water, or pre-filled pens usually sold at 160 pounds for 20mg. When questioned how long a injector should be used, sellers give contradictory responses ranging from a several days to “depends on your body”.
A spokesperson for Telegram said it actively moderated harmful material on its platform including content that encouraged the “misuse of controlled medications”. The organization added that it removed “millions of pieces of harmful content each day”.
“Individuals are administering materials they can’t verify. Although the research behind retatrutide is valid, these online versions may not include what they advertise,” said Jason Murphy, the director of pharmaceutical services at a pharmacy service.
Dr Crystal Wyllie of an online medical service linked the surge in demand to recent cost increases for approved slimming drugs such as Mounjaro. “With prices increasing, individuals are turning to online platforms. But fake injections are highly dangerous. You can’t be certain what’s inside or whether the environment they were produced in was clean,” she explained.
Her staff has previously seen patients harmed by self-injection from unconfirmed sources. “We understand the disappointment, but buying from messaging apps or WhatsApp is taking chances with your health,” stated the doctor. “These materials could be contaminated or improperly measured.”
A spokesperson from Eli Lilly stated retatrutide was in phase 3 clinical trials and had not been evaluated or approved by any regulatory agency globally. “Consequently at this time no one can sell [it] for human use,” they said, noting that any item “falsely representing itself as a Lilly investigational substance not yet authorized … may subject patients to potentially significant medical dangers”.
Lena is a tech journalist based in Zurich, specializing in digital transformation and startup ecosystems across Europe.